DIFFERENTIATED LINER & TRAMP IN SEA TRANSPORT

DIFFERENTIATED LINERS & TRAMPS

LINERS

  

Liner is a big company like Mearsk Sealiner their same like a buss liner. Their have a fixed schedule,the shippers that wants to use their services for delivers the goods must follow the rules and a schedule that a liner's provides. It is because the liner wants to more efficent and effectives in their services. If their not follow the schedule that will be accidents between other vessels. Other than that, its possible to will get extra charge like a demurrage and switching charge. Liner also publish their schedule and services ipublic suggest in magazine and website because it easy to update and now people most like to use the internet to find information in website. Moreover, when a shipper want use a liner services, they will offer the space available to a shipper. The ship will move on time, although the space not fully utilize. Types of Company Liners like as Evergreen, APL, NYK, K.Liners, and Hanjin.

ADVANTAGES 

1. They have fixed schedule that shipper have to follow
2. Charges based on space that shipper use
3. The carrier must to responsible the goods
4. All shipper can use it 
5. On time to delivery the product, that is efficient and effective services
6. Publish their services and schedule in public

DISADVANTAGE

1. Space may not available, it is because have a multiple shippers that use liners every time and every day.
2. High risk, because mixing with others shippers cargo can damage
3. Complicated procedure when their is diversion
4. Fixed route, just one way and cannot follow other way and cannot to stop other port.
5. High transit time, have near road  but in schedule must follow long way distance because want to avoid from collides and have high risk
6. Move on time, although the space not fully utilize

TRAMPS

Tramps same like a taxi. They cannot have fixed schedule, but the carrier must follow the shipper schedule. The carrier also must follow the way and port that shipper inform in schedule. Only one shipper that can use the services and the shipper must pay for the rent. The carrier will provide a special equipment to handle shipper product if shipper required  for the services. The price are also not fixed  because the shipper will pay based on the services that they use. Tramps carry the product such as coal, grain, and sugar. Tramps can give services anytime that shipper want to used. Tramps usually used for sesonal demand and can carry in bulky cargo. 

ADVANTAGES

1. Can go any port any time follow the demand from customer
2. Provide the services anytime if shipper want use it
3. They should deliver the product in fast
4. Can handle urgent product to deliver or emergency product

DISADVANTAGES

1. Only one shipper can use it
2. Route are not display in public
3. Not on time because they want to utilize the space 

IATA & ICAO

                                       

What is IATA? IATA is International Air Traffic Association.Some of the company Airlines can follow or not the regulation that IATA make. IATA have standardized the price for cost of aviation for example Malaysia Airline and Fire Fly there is follow the regulation of IATA make. There charged same services for their customer. But for Air Asia they did not follow IATA because they focus more on the lower cost for their services. For them, the cost is most important for their customer. Customer no need for comfortable services but the cost is the main important. If Air Asia provide lower cost of services they will get a lot of competition. Air Asia have competitive advantage because they provide lower cost service and customer will attrack with their charges service and Air Asia will get more profit than another company.

                                     

ICAO is International Civil Aviation Organization. All of company Airlines must follow the regulation of ICAO make it is because their developed the regulation of Airlines. For example like  regulation in country, if the any people not follow the regulation that will be make act from government or police. It is same with the regulation in industries Airline, if their not follow the regulation that will be act, this cause as to make sure the all of Airlines care safety of passenger. For company that not follow the ICAO regulation they must own protect if has any eccident.

Competition of air carrier and water carrier

          

Port is depend the economic in a country like Malaysia, China, Singapore and others. Normally the ports in a country is a major contributor to economic growth in a business. As in Malaysia, Malaysian ports function as entry and exit of merchandise goods for import and export in the production of an article to the others country and the places for loading and unloading process. Most of normally the freights can deliver and move use of mode of shipping transportation. Ship is also suitable for use in long distance for delivery of goods and can carry in bulky size. Event the sea transport is very lower in movement and takes a long time to arrive but it is a very important in move the goods with that much capacity where other transportation is not able to carry more cargo from ships.

In the commercial world there are also several types of ships competition diversity of modes such as is Air transportation. Air transportation is highest movement speeds to deliver the product compare with sea transport movement is low but, air transportation normally use by multiple shipper for transfer the high value of product. That are many transportation services provided to facilitate the delivery of good quickly and easily, the air transport also easy to handle and manage. The types of air transport carry such as perishable product, documentation, high value of product, goods quickly exhausted date like as magazine, newspaper and others..

                     

In addition, there are a lot of growth in the port and shipping activities is recognized as an important contributor in facilities trade in Malaysia. In Malaysia is also at the same time, provide the many modes of transportation and compare between shipping and air transport system. Knowing the challenges, have many port in a domestic has improve their effort to become one of the most important ports in world in International levels.With the have many growth of the port in the world it will caused of competition between the country. 

                                       

                                            

Types of shipping Company:

1. K.Line
2. OOCL
3. Mearsk Sealand
4. P&O Nedlloud
5. Yang Ming
6. APL
7. ZIM
8. Tripple E
9. Wan Hai
10. Hanjin
11. Evergreen
12. COSCO
13. MISC

Freight Transportation Structure

Freight transportation structure have five. That's are highway, pipeline, air, rail and sea. Each of that must have a terminal that they will stop and continuous their delivery . At a terminal, they will do loading and unloading process by using a materials handling. At the terminal also they will change mode of transportation.

For road transportation, it based on road transportation. The terminal is like at a rest and recovery (R&R) and bus station. Cost of transportation is cheaper than air. The mode of transportation like a bus, lorry, taxi and motorcycles. A product also can delivery in bulky size. But, it will be a long term delivery when a supplier deliver in far location. It also provide door-to-door service.

For air, it based on air transportation. The terminal is  like at a airport. Cost of transportation is more high than other mode of transportation. The example of this mode is airplane. The product cannot bring in bulky size because it has a limited capacity. But, it will be a short term delivery when a supplier when deliver their products at a far location. It suitable for high value products. It has no door-to-door service because only stop at their terminal only. They will stop at certain terminal for send and pickup passengers or products. If wants door-to-door service, they must contact with other modes like a road transportation. Usually, road transportation provide door-to-door service. 

Next is pipeline.It based on pipeline transportation. The terminals are like a tank, bathroom and toilet. The liquid or gas are flow at every terminal but just one types of liquid or gas can flow at own pipeline. That only have one ways. Cost of transportation for pipeline is lower than road transportation. It can bring a product in bulky size. That also have high security.

While, for the rail, it based on rail transportation like a train. Many types of rail car are have it like hopper car, boxcar, flatcar, tank car and so on. Their terminal is at rail terminal. The cost of transportation is lower than road transportation. It can bring in bulky size. At the same time, it can carry passengers. That will stop at certain terminal for pickup and sent a passengers or goods. It have own terminal and flow each train. It suitable for low value of products such as grain, sand, clothes and so on. Rail has no door-to-door service because they only stop at one terminal to another terminal. That also not flexible geographic.

For the last is sea transportation like a ship. They have many types of ships such as tugboat, dredger, roll-on roll-off, barges and so on. They have own terminal also at seaport. Cost of transportation is also low cost because carry in bulky size. But they have high transit time. Because sea transportation is a slow movement. Sea transportation suitable for long distance. At the same time, they can carry passenger like a Ferry. It also not provide door-to-door service because it also stop at each of terminal. Their documentation also more complex. Their material handling also more complex for loading and unloading products.

Practices Are Considered Essential For A Comprehensive JIT Implementation

Firstly is quick setup time. It must have a shorter setup time. Its because every work become effective and efficiently. It can be done with better planning, process redesign and product redesign. We also must ensure no problem has happen for achieve short setup time.

Secondly is small lot sizes. Its produce in smaller lots and based on customer order. Like Just-In-Time (JIT), when customer order, a company will produce it. No warehouse are involved. It also can cut cost because a price of warehouse so high even its just for rent.

Thirdly is shorter lead times. That is delivery on time and no delay involved. Its reduced lead times by moving workstations closer together, applying group technology and cellular manufacturing concepts, reducing queue length and the last is improving the coordination and cooperation between downstream processes. A firm must arrange a scheduling and routing for a transportation. It also can reduce cost and make customer satisfaction with our services.

Fourthly is uniform production. It create a uniform load or each workstation through constant daily production and producing the same mix of products each day, using a repeating sequence. It use of a stable production schedule also permits the use of back flushing to manage inventory. Like a Toyota, it produce same product everyday until done a production.

Fifthly is preventive maintenance. It also machine and worker idle time to maintain equipment and prevent breakdowns. Its like a machine and maintenance are work together. So, a cost will reduce and damage of machine also can be reduced.

Sixth is multifaceted workforce, A workers will go for training and they must have a good technique and knowledge for use a machine. They also can do a proper task. A firm also must alert with a new technology for a firm's process can be more efficient and effectively. Employees more responsibility for their own work.

Seventeenth is supplier development. The company must have a good relationship with  supplier. It because it will be help when we need a raw materials or components parts in urgent. We also can get low price of raw materials or components parts when we already have a good relationship with them. We also can share any idea about a business.

Lastly is kanban production control. Its to convey parts between workstations in small quantities. But JIT is not same with kanban system. Kanban system not required to implement JIT. JIT just required to implement a kanban system and the concept are frequently equated with one another.

Types of Container

As you see at the highway, many types of container we see. You need to know that different container, different goods contents inside the container. Types of container are:

1) Dry Container

This container is the most commonly used by shipping container. This container is for dry materials.

2) Flat Rack Container

There was no sides. Also no have top sides. The side can be folded, So that can bring variety types of products.








3) Open Top Container
With the open top can be change, it can be completely removed to height materials easily can be enter.

4) Tunnel Container

This container provides both doors. It is very easy and fast in make loading and unloading process.





5) Open Side Container
Provide much wider room for loading of materials.

6) Double Door Container

Making a wider room for loading and unloading of materials. It can bring steel, iron, etc. It also standardize size of container.


7) Refrigerated Container
This is for controlled temperature. It always need to have a carefully controlled. These is used for shipment of perishable goods. Such as fruits and vegetables over long distance.

8) Tanks Container
Mostly used for liquid materials.  They are used by a huge proportion of entire shipping industry. They are mostly made of by strong steel or other corrosive materials providing with long life and protection to the materials.






9) Half Height Container
Made mostly by steel, these container are half the height of standardize container. Usually his container carry coal and stones.










10) Car Carriers Container

Container storage units made especially for shipment of cars long distance. It help car fit inside the container without the risk of being from damage or moving from the spot.

Benefits Of Using Containerization

Container is an object that to put the shipper's goods to deliver their goods to customers. Many shipper like to used container because they have their own benefits of using container. The benefits of using will explain as below:

1) Save cost

• By using container, can save cost because can utilize space in the container. Means of utilize is can put as many as you want in the container. But, not until make the goods in the container become damage. So, no need to order other transportation to deliver the goods. By using the container, we can make a single delivery. When , single delivery was made, cost of transportation also can save because we not use many transportation. 

2) Safety and Security

• All container have their own serial number. To know what have in the container, just make scanning at the container, we will know what are the contents and the goods in the container. At the container also have a seal. So, the possible to lost is low. To open the seal, have their own equipment to open it. So, not all people have that equipment. From that, the security is safe. It difficult to lost and damage. All the goods in the container also can safe because container made from a solid material.

3) Space Adjustment

• It means that container can make an adjustment as what we like. Other than that, we also can arrange it by ourselves how to make sure our products in a good condition. So that our goods can deliver as well as what customer wants. Of course we want deliver the goods as what customer expect to our goods. We need to make customer satisfied with our services provided so that we can improve our profits and sales. 

4) Save Loading Time

• Here, everything was packed in one container. When loading process happen, they no need to take one by one of the goods. By using quay crane, it can lift at the same time. No need to lift one by one. From that, no need to use many labor to lift the product. Just using quay crane, it can make it a simple works and can save loading time.

5) Have Variety Types of Container

• There are many types of container. So, we can choose any container that we would like to used. For example we want to deliver a perishable goods. We need to use refrigerated container because it has controlled temperature. So, the goods will not damage. We as a shipper need to handle and conduct our product very well. We need to give the best to the customer. 

Challenges in Maritime Shipping

There are many challenges when we ventured into a field. Here it is of course a challenge in world trade through shipping.

The challenges are:  Have some company use industries practices such as "just-in-Time" that process the deliver for the demand from the customer between the point of origin to point of consumption and on time to delivery. In some company practices "Just-In-Time" because they want to achieve some goal and achieve the customer satisfaction. Then, have many modes of transportation and services providers to provide a good services. Using of technology advanced and upgrade engineering capabilities for example use high system network to control the shipping and track the item of the good and for the other example is use the new latest technology and always to upgrade the system to be effective when loading and unloading the goods but it also able to follow the stream of more advanced technology such as the special of material handling services, and high security safety for shipping when in transit it is because to avoid the problem , damages or loss. Other than that the issues or challenges in maritime shipping is oil prices affects the activities of shipping. When the prices of oil is increase, the cost of delivery also increase. It is because the every time always use the oil for move the shipping and uses the oil to move the ship is very high. Then, the other that, uses a lot of employee in operation of ship and cargo. For example, the company of ships must invest the adequate of employee. Overcapacity, the use of excess capacity will cause the ship carrying the goods restrained from entering the country. The overcapacity can over come which buy the local vessels. In domestics regulation was, have many regulation governing business and of the act services they need to follow the law in another country. Expanding the ships repairing business. Upgrade the technology and skills to repair the ship, it is can strengthen financial and infrastructure in a country.

The Important Of Shipping Industry In Malaysia

Sea route is a global trade route and much give importance to the economic over the country. An estimated 90% of world trade is carried by sea transport than other modes of transport. Role that influence maritime shipping, such as shipping, port operations, shipbuilding and ship repairing.

There have some important of shipping industry in Malaysia. Such as 95% Malaysia use transports to trade and deliver the products or goods. The transportation is the main role of one business. Because all shipper would like to use water carrier because there was many advantages and benefits. By using shipping carrier, it can out lost because water carrier very cheap compered to other mode of transport. Even it is slow movement, it can carry hundred thousand container. Because of that, the shipper can get the lower price. Second important of maritime and trade competitiveness of a nation. There are a lot of competitive in the shipping industry. Such as K-line, China Shipping, Evergreen, Maersk and so on. These trade are very biggest and world wide industry. That's why shipping is the most important and many challenges for it. As a shipper need to choose the best mode of transportation because can effect the high cost. the best of transportation we need to be the lowest cost. If the cost of transportation is high, the price of the product also increase.

The important of growth service maritime is to have the other countries that has been expend their business to deliver their goods in bulky size because there have many demand on the goods from that country. The majority of delivery the goods is to using the service of maritime transportation. Now a day also the growth of new companies from outside country that want to export their goods to other country, they need to increase the economy in and out of the country. The globalization process happen because of the importance growth service maritime because it is need in trade world. Other than that, using water carrier can connect with many activities, services and industry. The activities involves are loading and unloading. The service that shipping give is space for us to put our product and deliver the products from one point to other point. There are a lot of facilities at port when our product arrive at the destination. For example is forklift. Many facilities that the port to serve when the products arrive at there. That's why shipping industry connect with many activities.