Freight Transportation Structure

Freight transportation structure have five. That's are highway, pipeline, air, rail and sea. Each of that must have a terminal that they will stop and continuous their delivery . At a terminal, they will do loading and unloading process by using a materials handling. At the terminal also they will change mode of transportation.

For road transportation, it based on road transportation. The terminal is like at a rest and recovery (R&R) and bus station. Cost of transportation is cheaper than air. The mode of transportation like a bus, lorry, taxi and motorcycles. A product also can delivery in bulky size. But, it will be a long term delivery when a supplier deliver in far location. It also provide door-to-door service.

For air, it based on air transportation. The terminal is  like at a airport. Cost of transportation is more high than other mode of transportation. The example of this mode is airplane. The product cannot bring in bulky size because it has a limited capacity. But, it will be a short term delivery when a supplier when deliver their products at a far location. It suitable for high value products. It has no door-to-door service because only stop at their terminal only. They will stop at certain terminal for send and pickup passengers or products. If wants door-to-door service, they must contact with other modes like a road transportation. Usually, road transportation provide door-to-door service. 

Next is pipeline.It based on pipeline transportation. The terminals are like a tank, bathroom and toilet. The liquid or gas are flow at every terminal but just one types of liquid or gas can flow at own pipeline. That only have one ways. Cost of transportation for pipeline is lower than road transportation. It can bring a product in bulky size. That also have high security.

While, for the rail, it based on rail transportation like a train. Many types of rail car are have it like hopper car, boxcar, flatcar, tank car and so on. Their terminal is at rail terminal. The cost of transportation is lower than road transportation. It can bring in bulky size. At the same time, it can carry passengers. That will stop at certain terminal for pickup and sent a passengers or goods. It have own terminal and flow each train. It suitable for low value of products such as grain, sand, clothes and so on. Rail has no door-to-door service because they only stop at one terminal to another terminal. That also not flexible geographic.

For the last is sea transportation like a ship. They have many types of ships such as tugboat, dredger, roll-on roll-off, barges and so on. They have own terminal also at seaport. Cost of transportation is also low cost because carry in bulky size. But they have high transit time. Because sea transportation is a slow movement. Sea transportation suitable for long distance. At the same time, they can carry passenger like a Ferry. It also not provide door-to-door service because it also stop at each of terminal. Their documentation also more complex. Their material handling also more complex for loading and unloading products.